For Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), the need to remit money outside of India is common, whether for education, healthcare, property investments, or business ventures. However, transferring funds requires compliance with India’s Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), which governs how and when money can be moved abroad.
The Legal Obligation for Remittances
Any individual, including NRIs, who has earned funds in India from legal sources and paid applicable taxes is generally allowed to remit these funds abroad. However, certain regulations apply, and it’s crucial to follow these rules to avoid any legal penalties. Most remittance processes fall under the “automatic route”, meaning that NRIs do not require prior approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). However, for specific transactions like the sale of capital assets (e.g., property), prior permission may be required​.
Capital and Revenue Account Transactions
NRIs need to understand the difference between capital and revenue account transactions, as it affects whether prior approval is necessary.
- Capital Account Transactions: These involve changes in assets or liabilities, such as property sales. Such transactions often require approval from the RBI before remitting funds abroad.
- Revenue Account Transactions: Income like rent, dividends, or interest can be freely remitted under the automatic route without RBI approval.
The $1 Million Scheme for NRIs
The $1 million scheme allows NRIs to remit up to $1 million per financial year without prior approval. This is particularly useful for remitting funds from both capital and revenue sources. However, there are exceptions, such as funds from the sale of assets acquired in violation of FEMA, which cannot be remitted​.
Process of Remittance
To remit funds, NRIs must follow these steps:
- Authorized Dealer (AD) Bank: NRIs must choose one AD bank through which all remittances will be processed for the financial year. This bank handles the necessary due diligence, including ensuring that taxes on the funds have been paid​.
- Documentation: NRIs must provide required documents such as the sale deed, proof of tax payment, and other supporting materials to ensure compliance with FEMA and tax laws​.
- Self-to-Self Transfers: Forms like 15CA/15CB are not required when transferring funds from an NRO account to an NRE account or to a personal foreign account. These forms are only necessary when making payments to third parties​.
Additional Restrictions and Taxation
Funds held in NRE or FCNR accounts are not subject to the $1 million limit, as they are considered foreign assets. Additionally, any income earned in India, such as from property sales, must be taxed before remittance, but once taxed, no further tax is required at the time of remittance​(
Remitting funds outside of India as an NRI can be a straightforward process, as long as you follow the legal guidelines outlined under FEMA. The $1 million scheme provides a significant amount of flexibility for transferring funds abroad, and understanding the difference between capital and revenue transactions ensures that NRIs stay compliant with Indian regulations.
Always consult with financial experts or your authorized dealer bank to ensure you meet all legal requirements.
Disclaimer:
The information provided in this article is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute professional legal, financial, or tax advice. Rules and regulations regarding the remittance of funds for NRIs are subject to change, and it is recommended to consult with a qualified financial advisor or your authorized dealer bank to ensure compliance with the most current legal requirements. Neither the author nor the publisher assumes any responsibility for any errors or omissions, or for any actions taken based on the information contained herein.
Author: Amit Gupta
Amit Gupta is the co-founder and Editor in Chief of Indian.Community. Based in Atlanta, USA, he enjoys spending time with his family and serving the Indian diaspora. Amit is also the host of the Indian Community Podcast, where he explores stories and insights that connect and empower the global Indian diaspora.
