In the Sehat Ki Baat Doctor Ke Sath show, Dr. Jayesh Sharma, a renowned cancer surgeon with over 20 years of experience, shared invaluable insights on how our diet, cooking methods, and lifestyle choices can influence the risk of developing cancer. With his expertise in cancer surgeries, particularly for breast and head & neck cancers, Dr. Sharma shed light on several important aspects of cancer prevention that every individual should be aware of. In this insightful discussion, Dr. Sangeeta Agarwal speaks with renowned Cancer Surgeon Dr. Jayesh Sharma to address common questions that most people have about cancer. They discuss how diet, cooking methods, obesity, stress, and lifestyle choices influence cancer risk.Below is a comprehensive breakdown of the key takeaways from his discussion.
In This Episode
Obesity and Its Link to Cancer
Dr. Sharma emphasized that obesity is a major risk factor for several types of cancer. Individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) higher than the recommended levels have a 15-20% increased risk of developing cancer. Over recent years, especially in India, there has been a steady increase in obesity rates, which has contributed to the rising incidence of cancer. Foods that lead to obesity—such as simple carbohydrates, sugars, and fats—are directly associated with an increased cancer risk.
While there is concern about pesticides and fertilizers in food, Dr. Sharma pointed out that environmental pollutants account for only 3-5% of all cancers. In contrast, dietary habits and lifestyle choices play a much larger role in increasing cancer risks.
Which Cancers Are Linked to Obesity?
Certain types of cancer are particularly linked to obesity. Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer (cancer of the lining of the uterus) are notably associated with high body weight. Dr. Sharma also highlighted the link between obesity and liver cancer, urging individuals to maintain a healthy weight to minimize these risks.
The Role of Smoking in Cancer Development
Tobacco use is one of the most well-established cancer risk factors. Dr. Sharma explained that smoking increases the risk of various cancers, including mouth cancer, throat cancer, lung cancer, and kidney cancer. Interestingly, smoking has also been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, especially in younger women. While smoking rates in the West have decreased, they are unfortunately on the rise in India.
Dr. Sharma illustrated the comparison between smoking and driving fast—not everyone who speeds will have an accident, but the risk is significantly higher. In the same way, smoking significantly raises the risk of cancer, even if not everyone who smokes will develop cancer.
The Dangers of Alcohol Consumption
Dr. Sharma emphasized that there is no safe limit for alcohol when it comes to cancer prevention. Contrary to past beliefs that moderate alcohol consumption could have heart-health benefits, Dr. Sharma shared that alcohol consumption is a known carcinogen, and there is no amount of alcohol that can be considered beneficial.
The risks of oral cancers and liver cancer are particularly high among those who consume alcohol. Moreover, when combined with smoking, the risk of developing oral cancers increases multiplicatively. If a person smokes and drinks, their risk of cancer increases by 12 times, making it crucial to avoid both habits for better health outcomes.
Stress and Its Impact on Cancer
Stress, though often overlooked, can have a profound impact on cancer development and outcomes. Dr. Sharma explained that high levels of stress are associated with poorer cancer treatment outcomes. While it’s difficult to quantify stress’s exact role in causing cancer, studies have shown a strong correlation between chronic stress, poor mental health, and cancer progression.
Dr. Sharma noted that individuals who maintain a positive outlook and practice stress-reduction techniques, such as meditation and yoga, tend to have better outcomes in their cancer treatment. These practices help in reducing stress levels, which may play a crucial role in cancer prevention and recovery.
Cooking Methods and Their Effects on Cancer Risk
When it comes to cooking, what you cook is just as important as how you cook. Dr. Sharma highlighted that certain cooking methods can lead to the formation of carcinogenic compounds. Here are some key points:
- High-Temperature Cooking: Cooking at extremely high temperatures—such as charcoal grilling, frying, or deep-frying—can cause the formation of harmful compounds that promote inflammation and increase cancer risk. The smoky flavor from grilling and frying is the result of fat drippings interacting with heat, producing carcinogens.
- Avoiding Overcooking: Foods cooked at excessive heat, such as tikkas and kebabs, are not ideal due to the harmful substances that form. Dr. Sharma advised that it’s better to avoid cooking on an open flame, such as charcoal, and instead opt for cooking methods like baking or grilling at lower temperatures.
- Fried Foods: Deep-frying foods, particularly in commercial kitchens, can result in the food being exposed to dangerously high temperatures. Additionally, when oil is heated to its smoking point, it becomes toxic. Dr. Sharma recommended avoiding the use of smoking-hot oils for frying.
- Smoked and Processed Meats: Dr. Sharma advised caution when it comes to consuming smoked, cured, or preserved meats. These foods often contain nitrates, which have been shown to increase cancer risk, particularly when consumed in large quantities over time. While this is more common in Western diets, Dr. Sharma noted the growing popularity of processed meats like bacon and hamburgers in India.
- Microwave Cooking: The use of microwaves to heat food is a subject of debate. Dr. Sharma clarified that microwaving food itself does not inherently pose a cancer risk, but it’s essential to avoid overheating food and using plastic containers, which can leach harmful chemicals when exposed to high temperatures.
The Impact of Fasting, Exercise, and Early Detection in Cancer Prevention
Fasting during chemotherapy is often discussed for its potential to reduce side effects, but studies yield mixed results. Some research suggests that fasting may even enhance chemotherapy effectiveness, while other studies show conflicting findings. For diabetic patients in India—often referred to as the diabetes capital of the world—fasting can be particularly challenging. Diabetics must manage insulin and medication intake, which complicates fasting. It’s crucial for anyone with diabetes to consult a physician before considering any form of fasting. A physician will assess the patient’s medication dependency, blood sugar fluctuations, and tailor the fasting plan accordingly. Fasting should only be undertaken with medical guidance.
In terms of diet, adding ginger and tulsi tea to one’s routine is recommended for its numerous health benefits. Similarly, the combination of black pepper with turmeric is known to be highly beneficial. However, any decision regarding fasting should be personalized by consulting a doctor to determine its suitability.
Exercise and Cancer Risk:
Exercise plays a significant role in reducing cancer risk. Studies show that a sedentary lifestyle can independently contribute to lifestyle diseases, including cancer. In fact, research suggests that sitting for over 8 hours a day may be as harmful as smoking eight cigarettes. Regular exercise promotes blood flow, reduces oxidative and inflammatory stress, and provides anti-cancer benefits. Just like daily smoking can lead to addiction, consistent exercise can make the body dependent on physical activity, leading to a healthier lifestyle overall.
Early Detection of Cancer:
Early detection of cancer significantly increases survival rates. Cancers detected in stages 1 or 2 are highly treatable, with an 80% cure rate, compared to a mere 20% for cancers discovered in later stages. However, in India, 80% of cancers are diagnosed in stages 3 or 4, leading to a lower survival rate. The importance of regular screening and seeking medical advice early cannot be overstated. Many cancers, when caught early, are treatable, and the treatment process is less costly and painful.
Common Cancer Symptoms:
- Oral Cancer: Non-healing wounds or ulcers, unexplained bleeding (especially while brushing teeth), and lumps in the mouth are symptoms of oral cancer.
- Breast Cancer: A lump in the breast or unusual nipple discharge are signs to watch for.
- Cervical Cancer: Abnormal bleeding, particularly after intercourse or between periods, could indicate cervical cancer.
- Endometrial Cancer: Bleeding after menopause or unusual white discharge may point to endometrial cancer.
- Other Cancer Symptoms: Changes in bowel or bladder habits, unexplained weight loss, difficulty swallowing, persistent coughing, and unexplained anemia can all be red flags.
In particular, weight loss without effort is often an alarming sign that should not be ignored. If unexplained symptoms persist for more than 15 days, it’s crucial to see a doctor. Early diagnosis allows for treatments that can greatly improve outcomes.
Cancer Preventive Measures and Screenings:
To proactively prevent cancer:
- Oral Checkups: Regular dental checkups, especially for those who use tobacco, are important in detecting oral cancers early. Smokers should get a low-dose CT scan to check for lung issues.
- Mammography: Women should regularly undergo mammography. While guidelines differ, it’s vital that women don’t delay checking for abnormalities in breast tissue.
- Regular Exercise: Consistent physical activity is one of the most effective preventive measures for cancer and other chronic diseases. Aim for 30 minutes of activity most days of the week to maintain a healthy weight and improve overall health.
Lifestyle Choices Matter
Dr. Sharma’s expert insights clearly show that cancer prevention is closely tied to our lifestyle choices. A balanced diet, weight management, avoiding tobacco and alcohol, managing stress, and choosing healthy cooking methods can all significantly reduce the risk of cancer. While certain genetic and environmental factors are beyond our control, making informed decisions about diet, exercise, and stress management can go a long way in cancer prevention.
By adopting healthier habits, individuals can empower themselves to lead a cancer-free life and improve their overall well-being. Dr. Sharma’s advice offers a comprehensive approach to cancer prevention that combines dietary control, lifestyle changes, and safe cooking methods.
About Dr Jayesh Sharma
Dr. Jayesh Sharma is a renowned consultant in Central India, specializing in surgeries for breast and head & neck cancers. With over 20 years of post-fellowship experience, he is dedicated to providing not only effective treatments but also a high quality of life for his patients. Dr. Sharma was the founding head of a major cancer center in Naya Raipur, leading its surgical and clinical teams for five years.
For more information, visit his website: https://drjayeshsharma.com
About Dr. Sangeeta Agrawal
Dr. Sangeeta Agrawal is an experienced gynecologist and women’s health specialist who provides compassionate and expert care to her patients. Her mission is to promote women’s health and wellness. She practices in Mumbai, India.
For more information, visit her website: https://gynecdoctor.com