When Indian citizens move abroad for work, education, or long-term residence, their financial responsibilities in India often continue. One common question that arises is whether Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) can continue using their regular savings accounts in India. The answer, as per Indian law, is more specific than most people realize. If you’re an NRI or planning to become one, here’s everything you need to know about savings accounts, compliance requirements, and your legal options.
In This Article
What Happens to Your Savings Account After You Become an NRI?
As soon as your residential status changes from resident Indian to NRI, you are no longer legally permitted to hold a regular savings account in India. According to the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) 1999, once you become an NRI, you must either close your existing savings account or convert it into a Non-Resident Ordinary (NRO) account. This applies not only to savings accounts but also to fixed and recurring deposit accounts.
Why Is Conversion Necessary?
Indian laws are strict when it comes to the classification of financial accounts based on residency. The reason is simple: NRIs earn and spend money differently, often across multiple countries, and the banking system needs to ensure compliance with foreign exchange regulations. An NRO account allows NRIs to manage income earned in India such as rent, dividends, or pension, in a legally valid way.
Legal Consequences of Not Converting Your Savings Account
Holding on to your old savings account after your residency status changes can lead to serious penalties:
- A penalty of up to three times the account balance, or ₹2 lakhs if the amount isn’t clear.
- Additional fines of ₹5,000 per day for each day the account remains unconverted.
These financial and legal penalties are entirely avoidable by converting your account on time.
Who Qualifies as an NRI?
To determine whether someone is an NRI, two primary laws come into play:
FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act) Definition
A person is considered an NRI if:
- They reside outside India (excluding Nepal and Bhutan) for more than 182 days in a financial year, or
- They have gone abroad for employment or to reside there for an uncertain period.
Income Tax Act Definition
Under the Income Tax Act, a person becomes an NRI if:
- They are in India for less than 182 days in a financial year, or
- They are in India for less than 60 days in the current financial year and less than 365 days in the four years preceding it.
How to Convert Your Savings Account to an NRO Account
NRIs can convert their resident savings accounts into NRO accounts easily using either:
Online Mode
Many banks allow NRI customers to initiate the conversion process via internet banking or mobile apps.
Offline Mode
If you’re in India or have given someone a power of attorney, you can:
- Visit the branch and submit a conversion form along with required documents.
- Send the documents by courier to your bank’s branch if you’re overseas.
Documents Required for Account Conversion
To complete the process, you’ll typically need:
- A signed account conversion request form
- A self-attested copy of your PAN card or Form 60
- A self-attested copy of your passport and visa
- Recent passport-size photographs
- Proof of NRI status (such as an employment letter or residence permit)
- Overseas address proof
- OCI or PIO card (if applicable)
What Are the Benefits of an NRO Account?
Once your resident account is converted to an NRO account, you can:
- Manage income generated in India like rent, dividends, or pension.
- Repatriate up to $1 million per financial year after taxes.
- Earn taxable interest on balances.
- Use the funds for investments, property purchase, and mutual funds.
- Access features like joint accounts, cheque books, and nominee services.
What If You Miss Converting Your Account?
Delays in converting your account can lead to both tax complications and legal penalties. If you’re unsure about your NRI status or the account conversion process, consult with your bank or a financial advisor to stay on the right side of the law.
Converting a savings account to an NRO account may seem like a technicality, but it’s a crucial step in staying compliant with Indian financial regulations. With the right guidance, the process is simple and straightforward. NRIs should act proactively to avoid unnecessary penalties and manage their Indian financial matters responsibly.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can NRIs use their existing savings account in India?
No, NRIs are not permitted to use regular resident savings accounts in India. As per FEMA regulations, once a person becomes an NRI, the account must be closed or converted into an NRO account.
What happens if an NRI continues using a resident savings account?
Continuing to use a resident savings account after becoming an NRI can lead to severe penalties, including a fine of up to three times the amount in the account or ₹2 lakhs, plus ₹5,000 per day for the duration of the non-compliance.
What is an NRO account?
A Non-Resident Ordinary (NRO) account is designed for NRIs to manage income earned in India—such as rent, dividends, or pension—in Indian Rupees. It complies with Indian tax and foreign exchange regulations.
Can NRIs open other types of accounts in India?
Yes. In addition to an NRO account, NRIs can open:
- NRE Account (Non-Resident External) – for income earned abroad.
- FCNR Account (Foreign Currency Non-Resident) – to hold deposits in foreign currency.
Is the interest earned on NRO accounts taxable?
Yes. The interest earned on NRO accounts is subject to income tax in India. Banks deduct Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) before crediting the interest.
Can NRIs transfer money from a resident savings account to an NRO account?
Yes, but only as part of the conversion process. Once the account is converted, NRIs should use the NRO account for all future financial transactions in India.