China’s military presence in Africa is expanding, reaching countries like Senegal and Ghana, traditionally aligned with Western partners. Meanwhile, Burkina Faso and Mali, facing post-coup situations, are increasing their defense acquisitions from China amidst growing insurgencies. The Sahel region has seen a notable shift, with Chinese suppliers offering affordable and low-maintenance military equipment to address insurgency challenges.
The withdrawal of French forces from the Sahel and Russia’s decreased export capacity due to the Ukraine conflict have created a perceived military vacuum in West and Central Africa. Capitalizing on this opportunity, China has swiftly strengthened its position in the region. The trend began following coups in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger, leading to the breakdown of longstanding security alliances, particularly with France.
Chinese defense industry reports have acknowledged Beijing’s expanding presence in African markets. Notably, a report from China Military to Civilian highlighted the space created by France’s exit for China’s military trade expansion. Leveraging cost-effective systems and flexible financing, China is making inroads into African defense markets, as detailed in the report.
Arms transfers are just one aspect of China’s growing influence. The Beijing Action Plan for 2024–2027, part of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), includes a commitment to train 6,500 military personnel, showcasing broader institutional engagement. China’s strategy involves strengthening defense networks, conducting naval visits, and enhancing training exchanges, while private security firms protect infrastructure tied to Beijing’s economic initiatives.
While other global powers still have a presence in the region, the data indicates a clear trend of China’s expanding role in West and Central Africa’s defense landscape. As Western and Russian influences recede, China is strategically and commercially deepening its engagement in the region.
