The prevalence of autoimmune diseases, particularly in women, is increasing, with the winter season and high pollution potentially exacerbating symptoms, as per an expert from AIIMS Delhi. Dr. Uma Kumar, a Rheumatology department head at AIIMS, explained that autoimmune diseases can affect single organs or multiple organs, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, with women being more susceptible.
These diseases, numbering around 60, are more common in women of reproductive age due to factors like female hormones and immune-related genes. While the female-to-male ratio is higher in younger ages, it tends to equalize post-menopause. Women are often overlooked due to misconceptions, leading to mental health issues, despite symptoms worsening in winter due to various factors like pollution and reduced sunlight.
Air pollution is a significant trigger for autoimmune diseases, with studies linking it to increased inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. Lifestyle factors like chronic stress, poor sleep, unhealthy food habits, smoking, and obesity also contribute to the risk. Improved awareness and diagnostic capabilities have led to better recognition of these diseases over the years.
Autoimmune diseases are treatable but require lifelong management, akin to conditions like diabetes. Symptoms vary widely and may include fatigue, joint pain, skin rashes, and neurological issues. Lifestyle modifications, stress control, physical activity, and proper management are crucial in preventing disease flares, with yoga being beneficial in reducing inflammation.
