Pakistan’s military strategy, known as the ‘hard-state doctrine,’ is showing signs of failure despite aiming for control and security, a recent report revealed. The approach, focused on discipline and security, is falling short in delivering lasting stability, raising concerns about its effectiveness. The report highlighted that intensified military operations have not led to increased security, and strict control measures have not translated into political trust.
Across various regions like Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) and provinces such as Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Sindh, a consistent pattern persists. The authorities restrict movements, detain leaders, cut off communications, deploy force, blame unrest on external forces, and label dissent as anti-national. However, instead of integration, these actions are fueling alienation among the populace, as noted by researcher Fatima El Hashimi.
The report emphasized the core weakness of the ‘hard state,’ stating that while it can enforce temporary order through control and fear, it fails to establish legitimacy. If the security apparatus cannot ensure civilian protection, address grievances, reduce casualties, or build trust, the ‘hard state’ is essentially a facade of discipline rather than a symbol of strength. It reflects a state failure disguised as strict governance, according to Hashimi.
In regions like PoK, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Sindh, people’s grievances extend beyond economic issues to question the fundamental political structure. They criticize the security establishment for exploiting resources, imposing identity norms, criminalizing dissent, and then using resulting unrest to justify further force. This cycle of oppression undermines the state’s credibility and exacerbates tensions within the country.
