For advocates of global disarmament, the Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan has raised concerns. This pact, signed on September 17, 2025, commits both countries to treat any attack on one as an attack on both, signaling a shift in Gulf states’ security. While the official text of the agreement has not been disclosed, a Saudi official mentioned that it encompasses all military means.
The agreement has sparked questions about the use of Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal. Analysts warn that this pact could set a precedent for extended deterrence by Pakistan outside the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Pakistan’s Defence Minister indicated that their capabilities would be made available under this agreement, hinting at the country’s nuclear forces.
The secrecy surrounding nuclear policies has raised concerns globally. The public’s lack of information on nuclear policies and their potential humanitarian implications is troubling. Alicia Sanders-Zakre, ICAN’s Head of Policy, emphasized the importance of transparency in nuclear policies for public scrutiny and discussion.
