China’s strong military alliance with Pakistan is significantly influencing India’s security landscape, as per a recent report to the US Congress by the Department of War. The report highlights the deepening defense cooperation, arms sales, and military interactions between China and Pakistan, with Pakistan being termed as China’s most steadfast military ally.
The collaboration between China and Pakistan extends to the transfer and joint production of various weapon systems across air, land, and naval domains. Chinese military equipment plays a crucial role in modernizing Pakistan’s armed forces, as outlined in the report. Beijing strategically utilizes military partnerships to further its foreign policy objectives, with Pakistan emerging as a major beneficiary over the long term.
The report underscores the implications of the China-Pakistan relationship for India, suggesting potential pressure on India from both its northern and western borders during times of crisis. While the document does not predict joint military actions, it points out a growing alignment in strategic interests between China and Pakistan. Additionally, the report acknowledges China’s efforts to stabilize its border with India, following disengagement announcements and high-level talks on border management in October 2024.
Despite recent border developments, mutual distrust persists, hindering deeper bilateral relations between India and China. The report emphasizes that ongoing mistrust and other issues continue to constrain the relationship. China’s territorial claims, including on Arunachal Pradesh, are highlighted, linking them to Beijing’s core interests and intensifying India’s border dispute concerns.
China’s expanding military capabilities, encompassing missile, cyber, space, and nuclear advancements, raise alarms for India and the broader Asian power balance. The report also mentions China’s interest in access and logistics facilities in the Indian Ocean region, potentially complicating India’s maritime security planning and adding pressure beyond land borders.
In conclusion, the report characterizes South Asia as a strategically interconnected region, where China’s ties with Pakistan, engagement with India, and military expansion converge. It underscores the necessity for India to remain vigilant, manage border tensions, and prepare for broader regional challenges, emphasizing the importance of diplomatic engagement alongside security preparedness.
