Cotton production in India has varied from 352.48 lakh bales in 2020‑21 to 290.91 lakh bales in 2025‑26, with productivity remaining stable at 428 to 451 kg per hectare, as per government data shared in Parliament. The fluctuation in production is mainly due to changes in cotton acreage, with some farmers shifting to other profitable crops, mentioned MoS Textiles Pabitra Margherita.
The area under cotton cultivation decreased from 132.85 lakh hectares in 2020‑21 to 114.82 lakh hectares in 2025‑26. International cotton prices saw a 19% increase, while domestic prices for the S‑6 variety rose by about 18%. The government stated that to ensure ample availability, imports of raw cotton and cotton yarn are conducted as needed.
The government assured that the estimated production, carry-over stocks, and imports are sufficient to meet the expected consumption, with continuous monitoring of the cotton situation. Domestic cotton availability, including imports, meets the demands of the local textile industry, according to official statements.
To support the textile sector, the government has implemented timely measures, such as exempting the 11% import duty on cotton imports from June 1, 2026, to October 31, 2026, to ensure competitive prices for raw cotton. Additionally, the exemption from import duty on Extra Long Staple cotton has been extended to enhance the availability of quality cotton for the industry.
Moreover, the government has sanctioned the five-year Mission for Cotton Productivity (Kapas Kanti) for 2026–27 to 2030–31, with an allocation of nearly Rs 5,659 crore to boost productivity and enhance cotton quality. This mission includes a dedicated Rs 300 crore component for New Age Fibres to improve cotton productivity within the broader Rs 5,664 crore program for 2026–31, as previously announced. The National Fibre Mission introduced in the 2026–27 budget aims to elevate production and brand development.
