India has become a respected advocate worldwide for climate justice, equity, and sustainable development, highlighting the synergy between conservation and climate action for growth. Despite occupying only 2.4% of the global land area, India is one of the 17 mega-biodiverse countries, hosting nearly 8% of all recorded species globally. The nation boasts over 96,000 animal species and 47,000 plant species, including almost half of the world’s aquatic plant species.
The country emphasizes that conservation is not just an environmental concern but a national priority, as stated in a Press Information Bureau explainer on energy and environment. India’s green initiatives involve expanding protected areas, restoring ecosystems, promoting renewable energy, and integrating climate action into governance. By aligning local efforts with global collaboration, India aims to protect its natural heritage while building a resilient, low-carbon future.
India’s biodiversity governance framework is rooted in the Biological Diversity Act of 2002, complemented by the National Biodiversity Action Plan and in line with the Convention on Biological Diversity signed in 1992. The nation has significantly increased its protected areas from 745 in 2014 to 1,134 in 2025. Flagship programs like Project Tiger, Project Elephant, and Project Dolphin have shown progress, with initiatives such as Project Cheetah and Project Snow Leopard achieving milestones in species recovery. India’s leadership in the International Big Cat Alliance underscores its global conservation commitment.
