Pakistan is grappling with high youth unemployment and inflation, leading to a scarcity of secure jobs in the formal sector. Many young people in the country prioritize stability over ambition, with early adulthood marked by risk avoidance. The nation’s largest and most digitally connected cohort, Generation Z, faces economic stagnation, political uncertainty, and growing restrictions on expression, potentially pushing them towards disengagement or emigration.
Rising migration in Pakistan has contributed to a shrinking middle class, reinforcing the belief that hard work and education do not always result in upward mobility. Education, traditionally seen as a means to escape poverty, is failing many due to low literacy rates, gender disparities, and a widening skills gap. This gap leaves numerous young Pakistanis ill-prepared for a competitive, technology-driven economy, particularly in marginalized regions like Balochistan.
The decline in trust in state institutions and fears of repression have led to decreased activism among the youth. Social media serves as a vital platform for expression despite increasing restrictions, while some individuals opt for silence or emigration over confrontation. Mental health strains, climate-related disasters, and constant digital exposure further exacerbate anxiety, isolation, and a sense of lagging behind.
A recent survey revealed that 67 percent of Pakistani youth are contemplating leaving the country due to rising unemployment, inflation, and limited economic prospects. This underscores the urgent necessity for policies that promote and support the younger generation. Anum J Khan, an independent analyst from Lahore, highlighted that despite the significant youth population in Pakistan, Generation Z faces limited opportunities for education, employment, and economic progress.
