The US House of Representatives’ Select Committee on China has highlighted that Chinese companies dominate almost 90% of Zimbabwe’s lithium reserves, sparking concerns about environmental harm and exploitation of local communities. The committee’s findings, as reported by Kenya-based Capital News, point to corruption and governance deficiencies enabling firms to operate with minimal oversight. Chinese mining entities have been accused of subjecting workers to unsafe conditions, polluting water sources, depleting groundwater, and engaging in mineral smuggling.
Communities residing near lithium mining sites have raised complaints about hazardous dust pollution associated with mining operations. In Shurugwi, residents have urged Zimbabwe’s Parliament to address issues of environmental degradation, public health hazards, and human rights violations linked to a Chinese-run open-pit mine. Allegations include unsafe practices involving toxic substances and heavy metals that have reportedly contaminated the Mutevekwi River and harmed biodiversity.
Local groups have also alleged that existing grievance mechanisms are ineffective, with some mining companies resorting to bribery of officials and law enforcement to circumvent regulations and continue exporting lithium products despite governmental restrictions. Zimbabwe has expedited the implementation of a ban on lithium concentrate exports to 2026 from January 2027, recognizing the mineral’s strategic importance in the global electric vehicle and battery supply chain. This move is expected to notably impact China, which currently receives about 90% of Zimbabwe’s lithium exports.
The government aims to boost domestic lithium refining and processing for value addition, job creation, and is exploring partnerships in the sector with nations like the United States. Additionally, a separate report has highlighted concerns over China’s extensive lithium production in Tibet since 2025, characterizing it as a gradual erosion of Tibetan autonomy. The report emphasizes that benefits primarily accrue to mainland China, with Tibetans bearing the brunt of ecological harm, cultural dilution, and increased surveillance.
