Security concerns pose a major challenge to the proposed China-Myanmar-Bangladesh Economic Corridor (CMBC). The corridor aims to connect Kunming in China to Bangladesh’s ports via Myanmar through a road and rail network. However, the route passing through Myanmar’s conflict-affected Rakhine State raises uncertainties due to ongoing fighting and control by the Arakan Army.
The Rohingya crisis further complicates matters, with Bangladesh hosting around 1.2 million Rohingyas. Analysts emphasize the need to ensure their safe repatriation without compromising on regional connectivity initiatives. Experts caution that infrastructure development in conflict zones could inadvertently empower armed groups, necessitating comprehensive security assessments before commitments are finalized.
Apart from security issues, the corridor’s geopolitical implications are significant. India is wary of projects that enhance China’s presence near its sensitive northeastern region and the Siliguri Corridor. Meanwhile, the United States advises Bangladesh to maintain a strategic balance amidst growing economic ties with Washington. The financial aspects of the proposed corridor also demand scrutiny, with economists stressing the need to evaluate investments against national priorities like port modernization, export infrastructure, and industrial development.
The initiative revives the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar (BCIM) Economic Corridor, initially proposed in 1999. India’s withdrawal from the project, citing concerns over China’s Belt and Road Initiative and regional influence, has left the corridor without New Delhi’s participation. Lessons from similar projects underscore the importance of transparent financing, thorough feasibility studies, strong institutions, and a competitive domestic economy for ensuring economic success.
