China has utilized Pakistan as a strategic pathway to advance its interests, as evidenced by a recent defence agreement with the Libyan National Army. This deal, valued at over $4 billion, includes 16 JF-17 fighter jets and training aircraft. By leveraging Pakistan, Beijing can extend its defence presence without direct scrutiny, a report has revealed.
The pact has sparked criticism for potentially undermining the UN arms embargo on Libya, altering the military balance, and raising doubts about the legitimacy of the recipient force. It has also intensified geopolitical tensions in the region. Pakistan’s alignment with China has deepened, with a significant rise in defence, security, and intelligence collaboration between the two nations in recent times.
According to the US-based think tank ‘Middle East Forum,’ more than 80% of Pakistan’s arms imports from 2021 to 2024 originated from China. This underscores Pakistan’s increasing reliance on Chinese military equipment and Beijing’s expanding role in Pakistan’s defence sector. While Pakistan still operates American military platforms like F-16 jets, the majority of its military inventory now comprises Chinese weaponry.
Reports indicate a surge in defence dialogues and potential agreements between Pakistan and various countries, including Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Bangladesh, and others. Chinese media have hinted at possible JF-17 fighter jet deals between Pakistan and these nations, with Pakistan actively promoting Chinese-origin defence systems in the global market.
There have been discussions about Pakistan supplying JF-17s to Saudi Arabia in exchange for financial support, such as the $2 billion offered by Riyadh. Despite concerns about Chinese arms quality and compatibility with existing US systems, China is leveraging Pakistan to promote its weapons and expand its influence in the region. Pakistan’s endorsement of Chinese military systems aligns with China’s broader strategic goals in the defence industry.
Amid shifting dynamics in the Middle East post the U.S.-Iran Memorandum of Understanding, Pakistan is positioning Chinese weapons in the region as Gulf Arab countries reassess their security needs. This strategic move is exemplified by Pakistan’s deployment of defence assets, including JF-17 jets, to Saudi Arabia post-ceasefire. Through Pakistan, Chinese military systems are gaining prominence in the Middle East, shaping the regional defence landscape.
